@Article{SouzaPPFCORC:2020:AtCoDr,
               author = "Souza, Mariana de Almeida and Pacheco, Felipe Siqueira and 
                         Palandi, Jalusa Aparecida de Leo and Forti, Maria Cristina and 
                         Campos, Maria Lucia A. M. and Ometto, Jean Pierre Henry Balbaud 
                         and Reis, Dayane Cristina Oliveira and Carvalho Junior, Jo{\~a}o 
                         Andrade de",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and {Universidade Estadual 
                         Paulista (UNESP)}",
                title = "Atmospheric concentrations and dry deposition of reactive nitrogen 
                         in the state of S{\~a}o Paulo, Brazil",
              journal = "Atmospheric Environment",
                 year = "2020",
               volume = "230",
                pages = "e117502",
                month = "June",
             keywords = "Reactive nitrogen, Dry deposition, Particulate matter, Nitrogen 
                         emission.",
             abstract = "Estimates of nitrogen deposition play a key role in better 
                         understanding the human impacts on the nitrogen biogeochemical 
                         cycle. This paper examines the concentration of reactive nitrogen 
                         (Nr) in the atmosphere and the average dry deposition in the state 
                         of S{\~a}o Paulo, Brazil. The Nr species that were measured were 
                         in the gaseous (NO2, NH3 and HNO3) and particulate phases (NH4 +, 
                         NO3 \−). Denuder-based samplers were spatially distributed 
                         in six sites to account for different types of land cover and 
                         urbanization. Samples were collected over 2 years (20152017). The 
                         dominant form of inorganic Nr in the atmosphere was the gaseous 
                         NO2 at all sampling sites, which represented 79% of the total. The 
                         average concentrations of NH3, HNO3, NH4 + and NO3 \− were 
                         10%, 3%, 6% and 2% of the total Nr, respectively. The average Nr 
                         dry deposition in S{\~a}o Paulo State was 10.6 kg N ha\−1 
                         yr\−1. The highest average deposition of Nr was found in 
                         the SP sampling site and is related to intense vehicular traffic, 
                         waste management and industrial activities. This work suggests 
                         that dry deposition of Nr into the Atlantic Forest next to 
                         S{\~a}o Paulo municipality can exceed the critical nitrogen load 
                         suggested for most forests. This implies that human activities in 
                         the surrounding areas may be affecting the integrity of one of the 
                         most important biodiversity hotspots in South America. These 
                         results will contribute to improve Nr budget estimates and to 
                         advance Nr deposition modelling approaches.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117502",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117502",
                 issn = "1352-2310",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "souza_atmospheric.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "28 abr. 2024"
}